Hinduism, with its rich history stretching back thousands of years, is often thought of as rooted in India. But did you know that its influence has traveled far beyond Indian borders? Across Asia, Europe, and even the Pacific islands, you’ll find temples that not only showcase beautiful architecture but also stand as testaments to Hindu culture’s resilience and reach. These temples offer a fascinating look into how Hinduism spread and adapted to different parts of the world.
Each temple carries its own story, reflecting the beliefs, customs, and artistry of its time and place. Some of these temples are centuries old, while others are relatively recent but equally meaningful. From ancient shrines in Southeast Asia to the intricate modern temples in Europe, each one gives us a glimpse of Hindu culture in diverse settings. In this post, we’ll explore 10 of the most historic Hindu temples outside of India and uncover what makes each of them truly unique.
10 Historic Hindu Temples Outside India
1. Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Angkor Wat, located in Siem Reap, Cambodia, is not only the largest Hindu temple complex in the world but also one of the most astonishing. Built in the 12th century by King Suryavarman II, this massive temple was originally dedicated to Lord Vishnu and served as both a spiritual center and the heart of the Khmer Empire. Covering over 162 hectares, Angkor Wat’s scale alone is breathtaking, with intricate bas-reliefs and towers that rise to impressive heights. It’s a place that merges the grandeur of Hindu architecture with the unique Khmer style, creating a stunning blend of cultural heritage.
One of the most remarkable features of Angkor Wat is its detailed carvings, which depict scenes from Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The temple’s central tower is designed to represent Mount Meru, the mythical home of the gods, symbolizing the center of the universe in Hindu cosmology. Today, Angkor Wat stands as a UNESCO World Heritage site and attracts millions of visitors each year. It remains an enduring symbol of Cambodia, even appearing on the country’s national flag, and continues to captivate people with its powerful spiritual presence and awe-inspiring design.
Significance: Built in the 12th century, Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple complex in the world, originally dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
Highlights:
- Famous for its massive towers, intricate bas-reliefs, and detailed carvings.
- A UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most visited attractions in Southeast Asia.
The temple’s walls depict scenes from Hindu epics, making it a profound site for both religious pilgrims and history enthusiasts.
2. Prambanan Temple, Indonesia
Prambanan Temple, located in Central Java, Indonesia, is an extraordinary Hindu temple complex dating back to the 9th century. Built by the Sanjaya Dynasty, this temple is dedicated to the Hindu Trimurti: Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer. Standing tall with its distinctive pointed towers, Prambanan is one of the most beautiful examples of Hindu architecture outside of India, and it’s easy to see why it’s recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The main temple complex consists of three towering shrines dedicated to each of the principal deities, with the central shrine devoted to Lord Shiva standing over 47 meters (154 feet) tall. Surrounding the main shrines are smaller temples, originally numbering 240, many of which remain partly preserved or restored. The temple walls feature intricate relief carvings, particularly scenes from the Ramayana, which also inspire a famous dance performance held near the temple grounds. Visiting Prambanan is a journey back in time, offering an immersive experience of Hindu mythology and ancient Javanese culture, making it one of Indonesia’s most cherished cultural treasures.
Significance: Dedicated to the Trimurti—Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva—this 9th-century temple is a stunning example of ancient Hindu architecture.
Highlights:
- Known for its tall and pointed architecture.
- Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, with eight main shrines surrounded by smaller ones.
With its grand spires, Prambanan is a prominent reminder of Hinduism’s historical presence in Indonesia.
3. Pashupatinath Temple, Nepal
Pashupatinath Temple, located along the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu, Nepal, is one of the most revered Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. Built in the 5th century, this sacred site has stood as a symbol of faith for over a thousand years. Its importance is such that it’s not only one of the oldest and holiest temples in Nepal, but it’s also a UNESCO World Heritage site. Many Hindus from around the world travel here to worship and seek blessings, especially during the annual Maha Shivaratri festival when thousands of pilgrims gather.
The temple complex is expansive, with stunning pagoda-style architecture, intricately carved wooden beams, and a gold-plated roof that shines against the mountainous backdrop. Interestingly, Pashupatinath is considered one of the four most sacred Shiva kshetras (abodes of Shiva) according to the Skanda Purana, a revered Hindu text. Beyond its religious significance, the temple is also a cultural hub, where visitors can witness traditional rituals, hear the chanting of priests, and experience the rich spiritual atmosphere. Pashupatinath Temple remains a central part of Kathmandu’s identity and an essential pilgrimage site for Shiva devotees across the globe.
Significance: One of the most sacred Hindu temples in the world, this 5th-century temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Highlights:
- Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu.
- Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
According to legends, Lord Shiva himself took the form of a deer and lived here, making it one of the four most important Shiva abodes (kshetras) mentioned in the Skanda Purana.
4. Batu Caves Murugan Temple, Malaysia
Batu Caves, located just outside Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is one of the most popular Hindu pilgrimage sites outside of India. Dedicated to Lord Murugan, the temple is set within a massive limestone hill and is famous for its towering golden statue of Murugan, which stands 42.7 meters (140 feet) tall, making it the largest statue of Lord Murugan in the world. The temple draws thousands of devotees each year, especially during the Thaipusam festival, where devotees carry ornate offerings up the temple’s steep steps as an act of devotion.
The temple complex consists of several caves and shrines, with the main shrine located inside the largest cave, known as the Cathedral Cave. To reach it, visitors must climb 272 colorful steps that lead to the grand opening of the cave, revealing a spacious chamber filled with shrines, statues, and intricate carvings. Batu Caves combines natural beauty with spiritual significance, surrounded by lush greenery and resident monkeys that add to its unique charm. For Hindu pilgrims and tourists alike, Batu Caves Murugan Temple offers an unforgettable experience, blending nature, devotion, and cultural heritage into one remarkable site.
5. Tanah Lot Temple, Indonesia
Tanah Lot Temple, located off the coast of Bali, Indonesia, is one of the most picturesque Hindu temples in the world. Built on a large rock formation in the middle of the Indian Ocean, this stunning temple is dedicated to Dewa Baruna, the Sea God. Tanah Lot is one of seven sea temples dotted along the Balinese coastline, each built to offer protection against the forces of the ocean and to honor Bali’s deities.
During high tide, the temple appears to float on the waves, adding to its mystical beauty. Visitors can only access Tanah Lot during low tide, making it a uniquely timed experience. Beyond its breathtaking scenery, the temple holds great spiritual importance to the Balinese people, who come here to pray, perform rituals, and witness the stunning sunsets that have made Tanah Lot an iconic sight. With its stunning views, rich heritage, and symbolic meaning, Tanah Lot Temple has become a must-visit for anyone exploring Bali.
Significance: A breathtaking sea temple dedicated to Dewa Baruna, the Sea God.
Highlights:
- Located on a rock formation along Bali’s coast.
- Famous for its picturesque sunsets and scenic beauty.
One of Bali’s seven sea temples, Tanah Lot is a marvel for visitors, blending spirituality and natural beauty.
6. Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple, Malaysia
The Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, is one of the most unique Hindu temples globally, known for its intricate glasswork. Established in 1922 and later transformed into a “glass temple” in 2009, this stunning structure is a visual marvel with nearly every surface covered in glass. Inside, the temple sparkles with over 300,000 colorful pieces of glass, creating a kaleidoscope of reflections that fill the space with vibrant colors and light.
Dedicated to the goddess Kali, the Glass Temple also honors other deities, with statues and paintings that reflect Hindu values and universal themes. Alongside Hindu deities, visitors will find symbols of other faiths, creating an atmosphere of harmony and unity. The temple’s beauty and unique construction have made it a top attraction in Malaysia, drawing both devotees and visitors who come to marvel at its artistry. A visit to the Glass Temple is a dazzling experience, blending spirituality and art in a way that is unforgettable.
Significance: The first glass temple in Malaysia, dedicated to the goddess Kali.
Highlights:
- Decorated with over 300,000 pieces of colored glass.
- Features statues of various religious figures, promoting unity among different faiths.
A sparkling symbol of spiritual harmony, the Glass Temple is both a place of worship and a tourist attraction.
7. Munneswaram Temple, Sri Lanka
Munneswaram Temple, located in Chilaw, Sri Lanka, is an ancient Hindu temple complex dedicated primarily to Lord Shiva. Dating back over a thousand years, it is steeped in history and mythology. According to legend, Lord Rama prayed here after his battle with the demon king Ravana, seeking Lord Shiva’s blessings to cleanse himself of any sins from the war. This connection to the Ramayana adds to the temple’s spiritual appeal, making it a key pilgrimage site for Hindu devotees.
The temple is known for its Dravidian architecture, with elaborate carvings and a peaceful ambiance. It’s especially lively during the annual Navaratri and Maha Shivaratri festivals, when devotees from Sri Lanka and abroad gather here in large numbers. Munneswaram Temple stands as a testament to the cultural link between Sri Lanka and India and remains one of the most revered Hindu temples outside of India.
Significance: An ancient temple complex dedicated to Lord Shiva, believed to date back over a thousand years.
Highlights:
- According to legend, Lord Rama prayed here after his victory over Ravana.
- The temple attracts both Hindu and Buddhist devotees.
Munneswaram Temple stands as a testament to the deep-rooted spiritual history shared by Hindus and Buddhists in Sri Lanka.
8. Sri Siva Subramaniya Temple, Fiji
Located in Nadi, Fiji, Sri Siva Subramaniya Temple is the largest Hindu temple in the Southern Hemisphere. This vibrant temple is dedicated to Lord Murugan and stands out with its traditional Dravidian architectural style, a rare sight outside of India. Built in the 20th century, it serves as a spiritual hub for the Fijian Hindu community and attracts many visitors who come to admire its colorful facade and intricate carvings.
The temple is particularly vibrant during the annual Thaipusam festival, when devotees gather to honor Lord Murugan with elaborate ceremonies and offerings. Nestled amidst tropical surroundings, Sri Siva Subramaniya Temple offers a serene and welcoming space for worship and cultural celebration, connecting Fiji’s Hindu community to their heritage.
Significance: The largest Hindu temple in the Southern Hemisphere, dedicated to Lord Murugan.
Highlights:
- Features traditional Dravidian architecture with vibrant, intricate carvings.
- Serves as a major center for the Fijian Hindu community.
The temple’s architecture and cultural significance make it a standout symbol of Hinduism in the South Pacific.
9. Shree Swaminarayan Mandir, United Kingdom
Shree Swaminarayan Mandir, located in Neasden, London, is one of the largest Hindu temples in Europe. Opened in 1995, this stunning temple is dedicated to Lord Swaminarayan and represents the rich cultural heritage of the Hindu community in the UK. Built using traditional techniques, the temple features intricate carvings made from hand-chiseled Italian Carrara marble and Bulgarian limestone, making it a true architectural marvel.
The mandir not only serves as a place of worship but also as a cultural center for the community. It hosts various educational and cultural events, promoting Hindu values and traditions. Visitors to the temple are often struck by its beauty and the peaceful atmosphere, making it a popular destination for both worshippers and tourists. Shree Swaminarayan Mandir stands as a beacon of faith, unity, and cultural pride in London.
Significance: One of the largest traditional Hindu temples outside India, built using Italian marble and Bulgarian limestone.
Highlights:
- Located in London, it serves as a spiritual and community center.
- Constructed entirely from hand-carved stone, assembled like a massive puzzle.
The Swaminarayan Mandir is an architectural masterpiece that draws thousands of visitors each year.
10. Sri Venkateswara Temple, United States (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
Sri Venkateswara Temple, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is one of the prominent Hindu temples in the United States. Established in 1976, it serves as a spiritual home for the growing Indian community in the region. Dedicated to Lord Venkateswara, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, this temple showcases beautiful South Indian architecture, complete with intricate carvings and vibrant decorations.
The temple is not only a place of worship but also a cultural hub, hosting various events, festivals, and educational programs that promote Hindu traditions and values. Major festivals like Diwali and Venkateswara Kalyanam attract large crowds, creating a lively atmosphere filled with devotion and celebration. Sri Venkateswara Temple stands as a testament to the rich cultural tapestry of the Indian diaspora, offering a space for community bonding and spiritual growth in the heart of Pennsylvania.
Significance: One of the largest Hindu temples in Europe, dedicated to Lord Venkateswara.
Highlights:
- Known for its impressive Dravidian style and detailed sculptures.
- A spiritual hub for the UK’s Hindu community, especially during major festivals.
The temple’s grand architecture and spiritual importance make it a cherished place for Hindu worship in the UK.
Why These Temples Matter
These temples are more than places of worship; they’re powerful reminders of Hinduism’s spread and influence across the globe. They’ve brought communities together, preserved ancient traditions, and offered a sense of belonging to millions living far from their homeland.
Plan Your Spiritual Journey
If you’re inspired to explore Hinduism’s global heritage, consider visiting one of these beautiful temples. Each offers a unique glimpse into the artistry, devotion, and cultural significance that Hindu temples represent.
Enjoyed this journey? Share your thoughts below and don’t forget to bookmark this list for your next travel adventure! For more posts exploring history, culture, and spirituality, stay tuned.
